How Myanmar’s war-torn mines power Beijing’s rare earth monopoly—and why it might all collapse.
China dominates the global rare earth market but depends heavily on imports from Myanmar—especially for heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium, critical for tech and defense.
Since 2018, Myanmar’s conflict zones, particularly in Kachin State, have become key suppliers via environmentally damaging IAC mines backed by Chinese firms.
China outsourced this extraction due to its own environmental crackdown, creating a supply chain where Myanmar digs and China processes.
But Myanmar’s civil war has destabilized this pipeline—armed groups like the KIA have seized key mining areas, disrupting exports and threatening China’s rare earth dominance.
Beijing is now racing to find alternative sources in Southeast Asia, though stricter environmental rules may slow development.
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